JEE Chemistry Formula Sheet

$w$ is mass of substance, $M$ is molar mass, $N$ is count of particles, $N_A \approx 6.022 \times 10^{23}$ is Avogadro's number, and $V_{STP}$ is volume of gas at standard temperature and pressure.

$M$ is molarity, $m$ is molality, $x_A$ is mole fraction of component A, $n$ represents moles, $V$ represents volume, and $W$ represents solvent mass.

$\bar{\nu}$ is wave number, $\lambda$ is wavelength, $R_H \approx 1.09677 \times 10^7 \text{ m}^{-1}$ is Rydberg constant, $Z$ is atomic number, and $n_1, n_2$ are principal quantum numbers ($n_2 > n_1$).

$\lambda$ is de Broglie wavelength, $h$ is Planck's constant, $m$ is mass, $v$ is velocity, $p$ is momentum, $\Delta x$ is position uncertainty, and $\Delta p$ is momentum uncertainty.

$V$ is the number of valence electrons on the central atom, $M$ is the number of monovalent atoms bonded to it, $C$ is the charge of the cation, and $A$ is the charge of the anion.

$N_b$ is the number of electrons in bonding molecular orbitals, and $N_a$ is the number of electrons in antibonding molecular orbitals.

$\mu$ is dipole moment, $q$ is magnitude of charge, and $d$ is separation distance.

$P$ is pressure, $V$ is volume, $n$ is moles, $T$ is temperature, and $R$ is gas constant.

$P$ is pressure, $V$ is volume, $n$ is moles, $T$ is temperature, $R$ is gas constant, $a$ is molecular attraction factor, and $b$ is excluded volume factor.

$P_i$ is partial pressure of gas $i$, $x_i$ is its mole fraction, and $P_{total}$ is total pressure.

$r_1, r_2$ are diffusion rates, $M_1, M_2$ are molar masses, and $d_1, d_2$ are densities.

$\Delta U$ is change in internal energy, $q$ is heat exchanged, $w$ is work, $n$ is moles, $R$ is gas constant, $T$ is temperature, and $V_1, V_2$ are volumes.

$\Delta H$ is change in enthalpy, $\Delta U$ is change in internal energy, $\Delta n_g$ is change in gaseous moles, $R$ is gas constant, and $T$ is temperature.

$\Delta S$ is the change in entropy, $q_{\text{rev}}$ is the heat exchanged reversibly, and $T$ is the absolute temperature in Kelvin.

$\Delta G$ is Gibbs free energy change, $\Delta G^\circ$ is standard Gibbs energy change, $\Delta H$ is enthalpy change, $T$ is absolute temperature, $\Delta S$ is entropy change, and $K_{eq}$ is equilibrium constant.

$K_p, K_c$ are equilibrium constants, $R$ is gas constant, $T$ is temperature, and $\Delta n_g$ is change in moles of gaseous components.

$Q_c$ is the reaction quotient, and $K_c$ is the equilibrium constant.

$K_1, K_2$ are equilibrium constants at temperatures $T_1, T_2$, $\Delta H^\circ$ is standard enthalpy of reaction, and $R$ is gas constant.

$[H^+]$ is the concentration of hydronium ions.

$pK_a = -\log K_a$, $pK_b = -\log K_b$, and brackets denote molar concentrations.

$K_{sp}$ is solubility product, $S$ is molar solubility of salt, and $x, y$ are stoichiometric coefficients of cations and anions.

$n_i$ is the number of atoms of species $i$, $\text{O.S.}_i$ is their oxidation state, and $\text{Net Charge}$ is the overall charge.

$E$ is equivalent weight, $\text{Molar Mass}$ is the molecular weight, and $\text{n-factor}$ is the number of electrons gained or lost per mole of reactant.

$\Lambda_m$ is molar conductivity, $\kappa$ is specific conductivity, $C$ is molar concentration, $\Lambda_m^\circ$ is limiting molar conductivity, and $\nu_+, \nu_-$ are ion counts with limiting conductances $\lambda_+^\circ, \lambda_-^\circ$.

$\Lambda_m$ is molar conductivity, $\Lambda_m^\circ$ is limiting molar conductivity at infinite dilution, $C$ is electrolyte concentration, and $A$ is a constant depending on solvent, charge type, and temperature.

$E_{cell}$ is cell potential, $E^\circ_{cell}$ is standard potential, $n$ is number of electrons transferred, and $Q$ is reaction quotient.

$\Delta G$ is Gibbs free energy change, $n$ is electrons transferred, $F \approx 96500 \text{ C mol}^{-1}$ is Faraday constant, and $E_{cell}$ is cell potential.

$w$ is mass deposited, $Z$ is electrochemical equivalent, $I$ is current, $t$ is time, $E_{eq}$ is equivalent weight of substance, and $F$ is Faraday constant.

$p, P_{total}$ are vapor pressures, $K_H$ is Henry's constant, $x, x_A, x_B$ are mole fractions, and $P_A^\circ, P_B^\circ$ are pure component vapor pressures.

$P^\circ, P$ are vapor pressures, $i$ is van 't Hoff factor, $x_{solute}$ is mole fraction of solute, $\pi$ is osmotic pressure, $C$ is molarity, $R$ is gas constant, and $T$ is temperature.

$i$ is the van 't Hoff factor, $\alpha$ is the degree of dissociation, $\beta$ is the degree of association, and $n$ is the number of ions/molecules formed or associated per reactant unit.

$\Delta T_b, \Delta T_f$ are temperature shifts, $i$ is van 't Hoff factor, $K_b, K_f$ are molal constants, and $m$ is molality of solution.

$[A]_0$ is initial concentration, $[A]_t$ is concentration at time $t$, and $k$ is rate constant.

$[A]_0$ is initial concentration, $k$ is rate constant, and $t_{1/2}$ is half-life.

$k, k_1, k_2$ are rate constants, $A$ is frequency factor, $E_a$ is activation energy, $R$ is gas constant, and $T, T_1, T_2$ are absolute temperatures.

$\rho$ is the density, $Z$ is the number of atoms per unit cell, $M$ is the molar mass, $a$ is the edge length, $N_A$ is Avogadro's number, and $r$ is the atomic radius.

$\rho$ is density, $z$ is number of atoms per unit cell, $M$ is molar mass, $N_A$ is Avogadro's number, and $a$ is edge length of the cubic cell.

$x$ is mass of adsorbate, $m$ is mass of adsorbent, $P$ is pressure, and $k, n$ are temperature-dependent constants.

$\text{Coagulation Value}$ is expressed in millimoles per litre of colloid.

$\text{Gold Number}$ is measured in milligrams.

$Z_{\text{eff}}$ is the effective nuclear charge, $Z$ is atomic number, and $\sigma$ is the shielding constant.

$\chi_A, \chi_B$ are electronegativities, and $E_{d(A-B)}$ represents the bond dissociation energy of $A-B$ bond.

Volume strength is the volume of $O_2$ (in L) released by 1 L of $H_2O_2$ at STP; Molarity and Normality represent solution concentrations.

Reactants are sodium chloride and calcium carbonate; products are sodium carbonate and calcium chloride.

Reactant is Gypsum, product is Plaster of Paris and steam.

$\text{NaBO}_2$ is sodium metaborate and $\text{B}_2\text{O}_3$ is boric anhydride (boron trioxide).

$\text{XeF}_4$ is xenon tetrafluoride, and $\text{XeO}_3$ is explosive xenon trioxide.

$\text{CrO}_4^{2-}$ is yellow chromate ion (stable in alkaline solution), and $\text{Cr}_2\text{O}_7^{2-}$ is orange dichromate ion (stable in acidic solution).

$\text{Cr}^{3+}$ is green chromic ion, and $n$-factor of $\text{Cr}_2\text{O}_7^{2-}$ is 6.

$\mu_{spin}$ is spin-only magnetic moment in Bohr Magnetons (B.M.), and $n$ is number of unpaired electrons.

$\sigma$ is shielding constant of respective subshells.

$[\text{Xe}]$ is xenon noble gas core, $4f$ is filling inner f-orbital, $5d$ is transition d-orbital, and $6s$ is valence s-orbital.

$Z$ is atomic number of metal, $\text{O.S.}$ is oxidation state of metal, and $\text{C.N.}$ is coordination number (number of coordinate bonds).

CFSE is Crystal Field Stabilization Energy, $n_{t_{2g}}$ is number of electrons in $t_{2g}$ orbitals, $n_{e_g}$ is number of electrons in $e_g$ orbitals, $\Delta_o$ is octahedral splitting parameter, $P$ is pairing energy, and $m$ is number of paired electron configurations.

$\Delta G^\circ$ is standard Gibbs free energy change, $\Delta H^\circ$ is standard enthalpy change, $T$ is temperature, and $\Delta S^\circ$ is standard entropy change.

$\text{Ni(CO)}_4$ is volatile nickel tetracarbonyl complex.

$w_1, w_2$ are masses of organic compound and water, $p_1, p_2$ are vapor pressures at distillation temperature, and $M_1, M_2$ are molecular weights.

$R_f$ is a dimensionless fraction, representing chromatographic mobility.

$N$ is normality of acid, $V$ is volume of acid consumed by ammonia (in mL), and $w$ is mass of organic sample analyzed (in grams).

$V_{STP}$ is volume of nitrogen collected at STP in mL, and $w$ is mass of organic compound in grams.

$m_{AgCl}, m_{AgBr}, m_{AgI}$ are the masses of the respective silver halide precipitates formed (in grams), and $w$ is the mass of the organic compound analyzed.

$m_{BaSO_4}$ is the mass of the barium sulfate precipitate formed (in grams), and $w$ is the mass of the organic compound analyzed.

$m_{Mg_2P_2O_7}$ is the mass of magnesium pyrophosphate precipitate formed (in grams), and $w$ is the mass of the organic compound analyzed.

$[\alpha]_\lambda^T$ is specific rotation, $\alpha_{\text{observed}}$ is observed rotation in degrees, $l$ is tube path length in decimeters, and $c$ is concentration in g/mL.

$N$ is total number of stereoisomers, and $n$ is the number of chiral centers.

$K_a$ is acid dissociation constant, and $pK_a$ is the acid index (smaller $pK_a$ means stronger acid).

$N_{\alpha\text{-H}}$ is the number of hydrogen atoms attached to carbons directly adjacent to the sp2 carbocation/radical center.

$C$ is number of carbon atoms, $H$ is hydrogen atoms, $X$ is halogen atoms, and $N$ is nitrogen atoms in the molecular formula.

$k$ is the rate constant, and $[R\text{-}X]$ is the concentration of the alkyl halide substrate.

$[R\text{-}X]$ is substrate concentration, and $[Nu^-]$ is nucleophile concentration.

Reactants are phenol, chloroform, and sodium hydroxide; product is $o$-salicylaldehyde.

Reactants are alkene and borane, giving a primary alcohol and boric acid.

Reactant is acetaldehyde; product is crotonaldehyde (but-2-enal).

Reactant is benzaldehyde; products are sodium benzoate and benzyl alcohol.

$R\text{-CONH}_2$ is primary amide, and $R\text{-NH}_2$ is primary amine product.

$R\text{-NH}_2$ is primary amine, and $R\text{-NC}$ is alkyl/aryl isocyanide.

Specific rotation changes from $+66.5^\circ$ (sucrose) to a net laevorotatory mixture of products.

$pI$ is isoelectric point, $pK_{a1}$ is logarithmic acid dissociation constant of carboxylic group, and $pK_{a2}$ is that of the ammonium group.

Reactants are adipic acid and hexamethylenediamine; product is the Nylon-6,6 repeat unit.

Reactants are butadiene and styrene; product is butadiene-styrene copolymer.

$\text{C}_{17}\text{H}_{35}\text{COONa}$ is sodium stearate (soap) and $\text{C}_3\text{H}_5(\text{OH})_3$ is glycerol.

Reactants are salicylic acid and acetic anhydride; products are aspirin and acetic acid.

Reactants are sulfur dioxide gas, oxygen, and atmospheric water vapor; product is sulfuric acid.

BOD is measured in parts per million (ppm) or mg/L.

$\text{Fe}_4[\text{Fe(CN)}_6]_3$ is ferric ferrocyanide (Prussian blue precipitate).

$X$ is halogen (Cl, Br, I), $\text{Ag}X$ is silver halide precipitate, and masses are measured in grams.